Arithmetic
Fractions
A fraction represents a part of a whole. It consists of a numerator (top) and denominator (bottom). Understanding fractions is foundational for all higher mathematics.
Key Formulas
Addition
To add fractions, find a common denominator.
Multiplication
Multiply numerators and denominators.
Division
Divide by multiplying by the reciprocal.
Key Concepts
Equivalent fractionsSimplifying fractionsMixed numbersImproper fractions
Worked Examples
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Decimals
Decimals are another way to represent fractions, using place values based on powers of 10.
Percentages
A percentage expresses a number as a fraction of 100. It is used everywhere in daily life — discounts, interest, statistics.
Ratios
A ratio compares two or more quantities. Ratios can be written as a:b, a/b, or "a to b".